01 Work, The Art of War, Arnold Böcklin’s The Battle on the Bridge, with footnotes
The Battle on the Bridge
Oil on panel
100 x 142 cm.; 39¼ x 56 in.
Private collection
Estimate for 800,000–1,200,000 GBP in June 2024
The battle on the bridge between the Roman army and the advancing Germanic tribes reflects a broader fascination during the nineteenth century for the fall of the Roman Empire. Böcklin’s choice of subject was no doubt also influenced by philosophies current at the time, notably Nietzsche’s notion of the ‘blond beast’ expounded in his polemic, Zur Genealogie der Moral (On the Genealogy of Morals), published in 1887. More on this painting
Arnold Böcklin (born October 16, 1827, Basel, Switzerland — died January 16, 1901, Fiesole, Italy) was a painter whose moody landscapes and sinister allegories greatly influenced late 19th-century German artists and presaged the symbolism of the 20th-century Metaphysical and Surrealist artists.
Although he studied and worked throughout much of northern Europe — Düsseldorf, Antwerp, Brussels, and Paris — Böcklin found his real inspiration in the landscape of Italy, where he returned from time to time and where the last years of his life were spent.
Böcklin first won a reputation with the large mural Pan in the Bulrushes (c. 1857), which brought him the patronage of the king of Bavaria. From 1858 to 1861, he taught at the Weimar Art School, but his nostalgia for the Italian landscape pursued him. After an interval during which he completed his mythological frescoes for the decoration of the Public Art Collection, Basel, he settled in Italy and only occasionally returned to Germany, and then to experiment with flying machines. During his last two decades, Böcklin’s work became increasingly subjective, often showing fabulous creatures or being based on dark allegorical themes, as in Island of the Dead (1880), which provided the inspiration for the symphonic poem The Isle of the Dead by the Russian composer Sergey Rachmaninoff. Such spectral scenes as his Odysseus and Calypso (1883) and The Pest (1898) reveal the morbid symbolism that anticipated the so-called Freudian imagery of much 20th-century art. More on Arnold Böcklin
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